A BBC investigation has identified Kardo Ranya, a leading people smuggler operating under an alias, who has been evading arrest for years. His network is responsible for many illegal crossings from Iraq to the UK, charging high fees for supposedly safer journeys. The investigation reveals the dangers faced by migrants, including fatalities during crossings. Ranya's real name, Kardo Muhammad Amen Jaf, was uncovered, and he denied involvement in smuggling despite evidence. The investigation highlights the impact of smuggling on families in Iraqi Kurdistan and the growing willingness to speak out against it.