Air pollution levels in the EU exceed WHO guidelines, causing around 300,000 premature deaths annually. The EU has revised its Ambient Air Quality Directive to enforce stricter limits by 2030, addressing major pollutants like PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide. Vulnerable populations are most affected, and citizens in cities like Athens and Rome express concerns about air quality. The directive also enhances citizens' rights to legal action for health harm due to pollution. However, EU governments have been slow to enforce regulations, and some seek delays in implementing new limits.