The unexpected collapse of Bashar al-Assad's regime has left Syria at a critical juncture, raising concerns for Europe. While some European leaders view this as a positive development, the rise of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and its leader, Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, poses significant risks for governance and stability in Syria. The potential for a fragmented Syria dominated by militant factions could lead to further instability in the region, reminiscent of Lebanon's sectarian divisions. Additionally, Turkey's expanding Islamist agenda under President Erdoğan complicates the situation, as it may leverage the refugee crisis against Europe. Although the fall of al-Assad offers a glimmer of hope, it does not guarantee an end to Syria's troubles, necessitating urgent attention from European leaders.