Italy's attempt to normalize relations with Syria under al-Assad has faced challenges, particularly after the rebels' takeover of Damascus. The Meloni government initially sought to reposition Italy in the Middle East by sending an ambassador to Syria, marking a shift from its previous stance. However, diplomatic efforts have been complicated by ongoing conflicts and humanitarian issues, with Italy focusing on Christian communities and post-earthquake aid. Despite these efforts, Italy's position remains uncertain, especially regarding the interim HTS government.