Experts warn of potential record-high global temperatures due to the likelihood of El Niño forming later this year, with a 50-60% chance during July to September. El Niño and La Niña are opposing climate conditions that significantly impact global weather patterns. El Niño typically leads to drier conditions in tropical regions and can increase global temperatures temporarily. NOAA has updated its methods for calculating these phenomena, indicating more frequent La Niñas and fewer El Niños in the future, raising concerns about extreme weather events.