Researchers discovered a strain of Psychrobacter SC65A.3 bacteria in Scărișoara Cave, Romania, that is resistant to modern antibiotics, despite being preserved for 5,000 years. This strain has over 100 resistance-related genes and highlights the natural evolution of antibiotic resistance long before modern antibiotics were used. The study emphasizes the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which causes millions of deaths annually, particularly in Europe, where factors like an ageing population and antibiotic overuse contribute to the problem.