Robert C. Castel: The Old-New Struggle for the Black Sea

The Black Sea is a crucial geopolitical arena, historically marked by great power rivalry and currently significant due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Key issues include freedom of navigation, energy resources, and migration routes. The region's security is influenced by the Montreux Convention, Turkey's strategic role, and Russia's military presence following its annexation of Crimea. The balance of military power is shifting, with minor powers like Ukraine, Romania, and Bulgaria playing increasingly important roles. Energy dynamics and migration routes further complicate the geopolitical landscape.