In 2023, tuberculosis (TB) has become the deadliest infectious disease globally, with 10.8 million new cases reported. Although deaths decreased to 1.25 million, TB surpassed COVID-19 as the leading cause of infectious disease deaths. Key risk factors include undernutrition and HIV, and access to treatment varies worldwide. Five countries account for 56% of new cases, with Southeast Asia being the hardest-hit region. Despite new vaccines and treatments, the world is not on track to eliminate TB, with significant funding shortfalls hindering progress. However, there is optimism for new vaccine candidates in development.